{"id":672965,"date":"2026-01-23T16:16:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T16:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=672965"},"modified":"2026-01-23T16:16:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T16:16:04","slug":"americile-punctul-de-plecare-al-unei-boli-care-a-marcat-omenirea-timp-de-5-500-de-ani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=672965","title":{"rendered":"Americile, punctul de plecare al unei boli care a marcat omenirea timp de 5.500 de ani"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/americile-punctul-de-plecare-al-unei-boli-care-a-marcat-omenirea-timp-de-5-500-de-ani.jpg\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"p-0\">Cele mai vechi dovezi cunoscute ale bacteriei care provoac\u0103 boala au fost identificate \u00eentr-un schelet uman vechi de aproximativ 5.500 de ani, descoperit \u00eentr-un ad\u0103post st\u00e2ncos din America de Sud. Potrivit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/archaeology\/5-500-year-old-human-skeleton-discovered-in-colombia-holds-the-oldest-evidence-yet-that-syphilis-came-from-the-americas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Science<\/a>, analiza ADN-ului antic arat\u0103 c\u0103 un str\u0103mo\u0219 al bacteriei Treponema pallidum, responsabil\u0103 pentru sifilis \u0219i alte infec\u021bii cronice ale pielii, circula \u00een Americi cu mii de ani mai devreme dec\u00e2t se credea.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-1\">Timp de secole, s-a crezut c\u0103 sifilisul a ap\u0103rut \u00een Europa, dup\u0103 marile epidemii documentate \u00een secolul al XV-lea. Noile constat\u0103ri plaseaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 bacteria pe continentul american cu mult \u00eenainte de sosirea europenilor.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-0\">Un genom vechi de 5.500 de ani<\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Descoperirea se bazeaz\u0103 pe secven\u021bierea celui mai vechi genom al bacteriei responsabile de sifilis identificat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. Scheletul apar\u021binea unui v\u00e2n\u0103tor-culeg\u0103tor columbian, de v\u00e2rst\u0103 mijlocie, \u0219i, \u00een mod surprinz\u0103tor, nu prezenta leziuni osoase evidente, de\u0219i astfel de urme sunt frecvent asociate cu stadiile avansate ale infec\u021biei.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">\u201eRezultatele noastre \u00eemping cu mii de ani \u00eenapoi asocierea dintre Treponema pallidum \u0219i oameni\u201d, a declarat autorul principal al studiului, Davide Bozzi. Cercet\u0103torii spun c\u0103 genomul descoperit apar\u021bine unei linii evolutive necunoscute p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, diferit\u0103 de toate subspeciile moderne ale bacteriei.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-1\">Cu peste 13.000 de ani \u00een urm\u0103<\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-4\">Analizele indic\u0103 o separare fa\u021b\u0103 de tulpinile actuale \u00een urm\u0103 cu aproximativ 13.700 de ani, ceea ce sugereaz\u0103 o prezen\u021b\u0103 timpurie a bacteriei \u00een Americi. Totu\u0219i, speciali\u0219tii atrag aten\u021bia c\u0103 nu se \u0219tie dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 form\u0103 timpurie putea fi transmis\u0103 pe cale sexual\u0103, a\u0219a cum este sifilisul \u00een prezent.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-5\">\u201eDovezile genomice actuale nu rezolv\u0103 dezbaterea veche privind originea exact\u0103 a sifilisului ca boal\u0103, dar arat\u0103 o istorie evolutiv\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i complex\u0103 a bacteriilor implicate \u00een Americi\u201d, a explicat Elizabeth Nelson, antropolog molecular la Southern Methodist University, coautoare a studiului.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-2\">Americile, sursa ini\u021bial\u0103 a bolii<\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-6\">Al\u021bi cercet\u0103tori sus\u021bin c\u0103 noua descoperire \u201e\u00eenclin\u0103 balan\u021ba\u201d spre o origine american\u0103 a sifilisului, nu european\u0103. Ei spun c\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea evolu\u021biei timpurii a bacteriei ar putea ajuta at\u00e2t la clarificarea istoriei bolilor infec\u021bioase, c\u00e2t \u0219i la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea strategiilor actuale de control al sifilisului. \u00cen ultimii zece ani, boala a cunoscut o cre\u0219tere a num\u0103rului de cazuri \u00een \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cele mai vechi dovezi cunoscute ale bacteriei care provoac\u0103 boala au fost identificate \u00eentr-un schelet uman vechi de aproximativ 5.500 de ani, descoperit \u00eentr-un ad\u0103post st\u00e2ncos din America de Sud. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=672965\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":672966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672965"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=672965"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672965\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/672966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=672965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=672965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=672965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}