{"id":681341,"date":"2026-03-11T21:16:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T21:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=681341"},"modified":"2026-03-11T21:16:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T21:16:05","slug":"ce-uneste-china-rusia-si-iranul-anne-applebaum-la-bucuresti-reteaua-autocrata-moderna-nu-este-unita-de-ideologie-ci-de-interesul-comun-de-a-ramane-la-putere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=681341","title":{"rendered":"Ce une\u0219te China, Rusia \u0219i Iranul. Anne Applebaum, la Bucure\u0219ti: \u201eRe\u021beaua autocrat\u0103 modern\u0103 nu este unit\u0103 de ideologie, ci de interesul comun de a r\u0103m\u00e2ne la putere\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00centrebat\u0103 \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 actualele regimuri autoritare formeaz\u0103 un bloc comparabil cu cel comunist din secolul trecut, Applebaum a spus c\u0103 \u201emarea diferen\u021b\u0103\u201d este tocmai lipsa unei baze ideologice comune.<\/p>\n

\u201eDac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la China comunist\u0103, Rusia na\u021bionalist\u0103, Iranul teocratic, \u021b\u0103ri precum Zimbabwe sau Venezuela, vedem state cu estetici, geografii \u0219i istorii diferite. Nu au neap\u0103rat un lider comun \u0219i nici interese identice. Nu sunt cu adev\u0103rat o alian\u021b\u0103 \u0219i nu se ap\u0103r\u0103 automat unele pe altele\u201d, a explicat ea.<\/p>\n

Potrivit lui Applebaum, aceste regimuri coopereaz\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 oportunist, atunci c\u00e2nd acest lucru le serve\u0219te intereselor. Ceea ce le apropie este interesul comun al liderilor sau al partidelor aflate la putere de a-\u0219i men\u021bine controlul \u0219i de a conserva un anumit tip de societate.<\/p>\n

Autoarea a subliniat c\u0103 toate aceste state au tr\u0103s\u0103turi comune: sunt conduse de un singur om, de un singur partid sau de oligarhii, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 guverneze f\u0103r\u0103 opozi\u021bie real\u0103, controleaz\u0103 spa\u021biul informa\u021bional \u0219i nu au justi\u021bie independent\u0103 ori stat de drept autentic.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu au rule of law, ci rule by law\u201d, a spus Applebaum, explic\u00e2nd c\u0103, \u00een astfel de sisteme, legea nu este subordonat\u0103 unei constitu\u021bii \u0219i unor principii, ci voin\u021bei liderului politic, put\u00e2nd fi schimbat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de interesele acestuia.<\/p>\n

Un alt element definitoriu al autocra\u021biilor contemporane, a ad\u0103ugat ea, este leg\u0103tura str\u00e2ns\u0103 dintre puterea politic\u0103 \u0219i averea personal\u0103. Spre deosebire de dictaturile secolului XX, regimurile actuale sunt conduse aproape exclusiv de miliardari sau de oameni foarte boga\u021bi, interesa\u021bi simultan de putere \u0219i de acumularea de avere.<\/p>\n

Applebaum a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 aceste elite folosesc acelea\u0219i mecanisme financiare opace \u2014 companii-paravan, propriet\u0103\u021bi de\u021binute anonim, paradisuri fiscale \u2014 pentru a-\u0219i ascunde averile, at\u00e2t de propriile societ\u0103\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i de autorit\u0103\u021bile fiscale. Ea a invocat \u00een acest sens dezv\u0103luirile din \u201ePanama Papers\u201d \u0219i \u201ePandora Papers\u201d, care au ar\u0103tat cum lideri autoritari, dar \u0219i persoane din state democratice, \u00ee\u0219i ascund banii \u00een acelea\u0219i jurisdic\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen opinia sa, aceste fluxuri de \u201ebani negri\u201d reprezint\u0103 o component\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 a modului \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 regimurile autoritare, deoarece resursele astfel ascunse sunt reinvestite at\u00e2t \u00een propriile state, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een democra\u021bii, inclusiv pentru influen\u021barea vie\u021bii politice.<\/p>\n

Jurnalista a mai avertizat c\u0103 autocra\u021biile \u00een\u021beleg foarte bine for\u021ba de atrac\u021bie a valorilor democra\u021biei liberale \u2014 separa\u021bia puterilor, libertatea de exprimare, drepturile \u0219i opozi\u021bia legitim\u0103 \u2014 motiv pentru care \u00eencearc\u0103 sistematic s\u0103 le submineze.<\/p>\n

\u201eRusia a \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 sl\u0103beasc\u0103 ideile \u0219i idealismul democra\u021biei peste tot\u201d, a spus Applebaum, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd c\u0103 regimurile autoritare sus\u021bin partide \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri antidemocratice at\u00e2t \u00een propriile \u021b\u0103ri, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een state democratice, deoarece succesul unei democra\u021bii reprezint\u0103 implicit o critic\u0103 la adresa lor.<\/p>\n

Ea a dat ca exemplu Ucraina, afirm\u00e2nd c\u0103 pre\u0219edintele rus Vladimir Putin a perceput dezvoltarea unei democra\u021bii func\u021bionale la Kiev nu doar ca pe o problem\u0103 geopolitic\u0103, ci \u0219i ca pe o amenin\u021bare ideologic\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t ar fi putut inspira \u0219i societatea rus\u0103.<\/p>\n

Anne Applebaum a subliniat \u0219i c\u0103 modelul R\u0103zboiului Rece nu mai poate explica fidel lumea de ast\u0103zi. Dac\u0103 atunci diviziunile p\u0103reau clare, \u00eentre democra\u021bii \u0219i dictaturi separate simbolic de Zidul Berlinului, \u00een prezent grani\u021bele sunt mult mai neclare.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu exist\u0103 linii clare. Nu e\u0219ti \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 doar pentru c\u0103 te afli de o parte a zidului\u201d, a spus ea, argument\u00e2nd c\u0103 tendin\u021bele autocratice pot ap\u0103rea oriunde, inclusiv \u00een democra\u021bii, dup\u0103 cum \u0219i \u00een interiorul dictaturilor exist\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri democratice puternice, a\u0219a cum s-a v\u0103zut \u00een Iran, Rusia sau Hong Kong.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie, Applebaum a sus\u021binut c\u0103 disputa actual\u0103 nu se poart\u0103 \u00eentre dou\u0103 blocuri rigid delimitate, ca \u00een secolul trecut, ci \u00een interiorul fiec\u0103rei societ\u0103\u021bi, \u00een jurul unei \u00eentreb\u0103ri fundamentale: \u201ece fel de societate vrem s\u0103 construim\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00centrebat\u0103 \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 actualele regimuri autoritare formeaz\u0103 un bloc comparabil cu cel comunist din secolul trecut, Applebaum a spus c\u0103 \u201emarea diferen\u021b\u0103\u201d este tocmai lipsa unei baze ideologice comune. … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":681342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/681341"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=681341"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/681341\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/681342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=681341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=681341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=681341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}