{"id":695353,"date":"2026-05-31T08:46:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T08:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=695353"},"modified":"2026-05-31T08:46:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T08:46:04","slug":"cand-incepe-omul-sa-devina-constient-neurologii-cauta-cele-mai-pertinente-raspunsuri-inca-de-la-bebelusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=695353","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2nd \u00eencepe omul s\u0103 devin\u0103 con\u0219tient? Neurologii caut\u0103 cele mai pertinente r\u0103spunsuri \u00eenc\u0103 de la bebelu\u0219i"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Neurocercet\u0103torul dr. Joel Frohlich descrie \u00eenceputul con\u0219tiin\u021bei ca pe o \u201efrontier\u0103\u201d \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu au existat prea multe cercet\u0103ri despre momentul \u00een care \u00eencepe con\u0219tiin\u021ba \u2013 surprinz\u0103tor de pu\u021bine\u201d, declar\u0103 el pentru BBC Science Focus<\/a>. \u201eMult\u0103 vreme, con\u0219tiin\u021ba a fost domeniul de competen\u021b\u0103 al filosofilor. \u00cen neuro\u0219tiin\u021be, cercetarea era aproape un tabu p\u00e2n\u0103 acum 10 sau 20 de ani\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dar acum, neurocercet\u0103torii au dezvoltat c\u00e2teva modalit\u0103\u021bi ciudate \u0219i minunate de a \u00eencerca s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 cum este s\u0103 fii un nou-n\u0103scut sau un bebelu\u0219 nen\u0103scut \u0219i de a r\u0103spunde la \u00eentrebarea: c\u00e2nd \u00eencepe con\u0219tiin\u021ba?<\/p>\n

Dovezi c\u0103 bebelu\u0219ii sunt con\u0219tien\u021bi<\/h2>\n

Conform unei lucr\u0103ri realizate de Frohlich \u0219i de filosoful profesor Tim Bayne, r\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 mare \u00eentrebare se g\u0103se\u0219te cel pu\u021bin la cinci luni. Probabil. La aceast\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103, bebelu\u0219ii prezint\u0103 suficiente dovezi \u2013 nu doar c\u0103 sunt treji, ci \u0219i c\u0103 experimenteaz\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat lumea. Concluzia lor provine din ceea ce ei numesc o abordare \u201ebazat\u0103 pe clustere\u201d: \u00een loc s\u0103 caute un singur marker al con\u0219tiin\u021bei, ei identific\u0103 un set \u00eentreg de indicii \u2013 modele de activitate cerebral\u0103, r\u0103spunsuri la stimuli, semne de con\u0219tientizare.<\/p>\n

\u201eNu ar trebui s\u0103 avem \u00eencredere deplin\u0103 \u00een niciun marker \u00een sine\u201d, spune Frohlich. \u201eDar dac\u0103 vedem o convergen\u021b\u0103 de mini-markeri, acesta este un indicator destul de bun c\u0103 ar putea ap\u0103rea con\u0219tiin\u021ba\u201d.<\/p>\n

Deci, \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta c\u0103 bebelu\u0219ii sub cinci luni nu sunt con\u0219tien\u021bi? Ei bine, aici devine cu adev\u0103rat interesant: de\u0219i bebelu\u0219ii mai mici nu prezint\u0103 toate semnele de con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, ei prezint\u0103 anumi\u021bi markeri. \u0218i, \u00een mod intrigant, indicii similare ar putea fi prezente \u0219i la fetu\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Care sunt cele mai importante indicii ale con\u0219tiin\u021bei?<\/h2>\n

Unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi markeri ai unui creier con\u0219tient, potrivit neurocercet\u0103torilor precum Frohlich, este re\u021beaua modului implicit. Aceasta este o re\u021bea de regiuni ale creierului care este activ\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd e\u0219ti \u00een repaus \u2013 c\u00e2nd visezi cu ochii deschi\u0219i, \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219ti sau te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti la viitor.<\/p>\n

Neurocercet\u0103torii au descoperit, prin utilizarea imagisticii prin rezonan\u021b\u0103 magnetic\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 (RMN), un tip de scanare a creierului, c\u0103 nou-n\u0103scu\u021bii au o form\u0103 simplist\u0103 de re\u021bea mod implicit. Apoi, exist\u0103 efectul local-global. Este destul de simplu: conform lui Frohlich, capacitatea de a observa c\u00e2nd un model se schimb\u0103 este un semn al memoriei de lucru \u0219i, eventual, al con\u0219tiin\u021bei.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, aceste secven\u021be:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bip-bip-bip-BIP<\/strong>
Bip-bip-bip-BIP<\/strong>
Bip-bip-bip-BIP<\/strong>
Bip-bip-bip-bip<\/strong>
Bip-bip-bip-bip<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u021bi observat o schimbare \u00een ultima secven\u021b\u0103? Felicit\u0103ri! Acesta ar putea fi un semn c\u0103 sunte\u021bi con\u0219tient.<\/p>\n

\u201eA\u0219 putea s\u0103 v\u0103 antrenez creierul, dup\u0103 multe repet\u0103ri ale acestui model de secven\u021b\u0103, s\u0103 se a\u0219tepte ca tonul final din cadrul acestei secven\u021be de patru tonuri s\u0103 fie deviant\u201d, explic\u0103 Frohlich. \u201eApoi, dac\u0103 dau o nou\u0103 secven\u021b\u0103 care rupe acel model \u2013 ar putea fi doar patru tonuri identice \u2013 chiar dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 nicio deviant\u0103 local\u0103 \u00een cadrul acelei secven\u021be, exist\u0103 o deviant\u0103 global\u0103; ceva care a rupt modelul\u201d.<\/p>\n

De\u0219i Frohlich a v\u0103zut dovezi ale acestui efect local-global la nou-n\u0103scu\u021bi, alte cercet\u0103ri au mers mai departe. Cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea din T\u00fcbingen, Germania, au g\u0103sit dovezi ale acestuia la fetu\u0219ii afla\u021bi la termen. Au plasat aparate peste burta femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate pentru a m\u0103sura c\u00e2mpurile magnetice emise de semnalele cerebrale fetale \u2013 o tehnic\u0103 numit\u0103 magnetoencefalografie.<\/p>\n

Lumini proiectate \u00een uter<\/h2>\n

Un alt marker poten\u021bial al con\u0219tiin\u021bei este comportamentul \u0219i aten\u021bia. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 pot observa c\u0103 bebelu\u0219ii mici \u2013 cel pu\u021bin de la patru luni, potrivit lui Frohlich \u0219i Bayne \u2013 pot alege unde \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendreapt\u0103 aten\u021bia. \u0218i, din nou, exist\u0103 dovezi c\u0103 \u0219i fetu\u0219ii pot face acest lucru.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o lucrare din 2017, profesorul Vincent Reid \u0219i al\u021bi cinci neurocercet\u0103tori de la Universitatea din Lancaster au proiectat trei lumini \u2013 aranjate ca doi ochi \u0219i o gur\u0103 \u2013 \u00een uterul femeilor \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i au folosit ultrasunete pentru a m\u0103sura reac\u021biile fetu\u0219ilor la acestea. Neurocercet\u0103torii au mutat aceste lumini peste burtica sarcinii \u0219i au observat c\u0103 fetu\u0219ii \u00ee\u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103 capul pentru a se uita la ei.<\/p>\n

\u201eNimeni nu este de acord cu adev\u0103rat dac\u0103 f\u0103tul vede ceva care arat\u0103 ca o fa\u021b\u0103 sau mai degrab\u0103 ca o pat\u0103 de lumin\u0103\u201d, spune Frohlich.<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103, spune el, o echip\u0103 de neurocercet\u0103tori din Torino, Italia, a replicat independent acest experiment, urm\u0103rind mi\u0219c\u0103rile ochilor fetali mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t rotirea capului, \u0219i a descoperit c\u0103 \u0219i lentilele ochilor fetali au urm\u0103rit luminile asem\u0103n\u0103toare fe\u021bei.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2t de devreme ar putea \u00eencepe con\u0219tiin\u021ba?<\/h2>\n

Toate acestea \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 diversele teste pe care neurologii le pot face sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 bebelu\u0219ii \u2013 \u0219i poate chiar fetu\u0219ii \u2013 au un anumit nivel de con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 con\u0219tiin\u021ba \u00eencepe \u00eenainte de na\u0219tere, acest lucru ar putea ridica \u00eentreb\u0103ri cu privire la etica avortului. Cu toate acestea, Frohlich spune c\u0103 nu este nevoie s\u0103 ne facem griji.<\/p>\n

\u201eCeea ce este cu adev\u0103rat important de \u00een\u021beles aici este c\u0103 vorbim doar despre ultimul trimestru de sarcin\u0103, care este de obicei dup\u0103 limitele legale privind avortul \u00een majoritatea jurisdic\u021biilor\u201d, spune el. \u201eMajoritatea avorturilor care au loc sunt mult mai devreme dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, de obicei \u00een primul trimestru de sarcin\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n

Orice avort mai devreme dec\u00e2t al treilea trimestru ar preceda dezvoltarea p\u0103r\u021bii creierului care proceseaz\u0103 semnalele senzoriale: talamusul, supranumit poarta c\u0103tre con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eTalamusul nici m\u0103car nu stabile\u0219te conexiuni \u2013 sinapse \u2013 cu cortexul cerebral p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul celui de-al treilea trimestru sau \u00eentre 24 \u0219i 26 de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de gesta\u021bie\u201d, spune Frohlich. \u201eP\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, nu exist\u0103 o con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat plauzibil\u0103 \u2013 cel pu\u021bin a\u0219a cum o \u0219tim noi; plin\u0103 de senza\u021bii din lumea exterioar\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, munca unor neurocercet\u0103tori precum Frohlich ar putea avea implica\u021bii profunde asupra modului \u00een care decidem ce alte entit\u0103\u021bi sunt considerate con\u0219tiente.<\/p>\n

Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 apare \u0219i devine din ce \u00een ce mai sofisticat\u0103, Frohlich spune c\u0103 ar putea fi util ca oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 dezvolte o \u201eteorie a con\u0219tiin\u021bei\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201eDac\u0103 putem spune, la oameni, \u00abCon\u0219tiin\u021ba \u00eencepe la aceast\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103\u00bb, atunci am putea extrapola la alte sisteme, pe baza oric\u0103ror criterii pe care le folosim pentru a ajunge la aceast\u0103 concluzie pentru noi \u00een\u0219ine\u201d, spune el.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neurocercet\u0103torul dr. Joel Frohlich descrie \u00eenceputul con\u0219tiin\u021bei ca pe o \u201efrontier\u0103\u201d \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103. \u201eNu au existat prea multe cercet\u0103ri despre momentul \u00een care \u00eencepe con\u0219tiin\u021ba \u2013 surprinz\u0103tor de pu\u021bine\u201d, declar\u0103 el … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":695354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/695353"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=695353"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/695353\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/695354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=695353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=695353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=695353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}