{"id":695453,"date":"2026-05-31T21:37:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T21:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=695453"},"modified":"2026-05-31T21:37:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T21:37:03","slug":"cum-produce-tutunul-nicotina-descoperirea-facuta-dupa-200-de-ani-ar-putea-schimba-industria-medicamentelor-si-a-tigarilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=695453","title":{"rendered":"Cum produce tutunul nicotina. Descoperirea f\u0103cut\u0103 dup\u0103 200 de ani ar putea schimba industria medicamentelor \u0219i a \u021big\u0103rilor"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Oamenii consum\u0103 tutun<\/strong><\/span> de mii de ani, \u00eens\u0103 abia la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1820 nicotina a fost extras\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 din plantele de tutun.<\/p>\n

Acum, la aproape 200 de ani distan\u021b\u0103, cercet\u0103torii spun c\u0103 au descoperit \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it modul exact \u00een care planta produce moleculele de nicotin\u0103<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Descoperirea ar putea schimba modul \u00een care sunt folosite plantele de tutun \u00een industrie \u0219i medicin\u0103, \u00eentr-un domeniu cunoscut sub numele de \u201eagricultura molecular\u0103 a plantelor\u201d, potrivit Science Alert<\/a>.<\/p>\n

De-a lungul timpului, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au modificat plantele de tutun pentru a produce compu\u0219i terapeutici \u0219i chiar vaccinuri. Totu\u0219i, nicotina a r\u0103mas o problem\u0103 major\u0103, fiindc\u0103 provoac\u0103 dependen\u021b\u0103 puternic\u0103<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii spun acum c\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea modului \u00een care este produs\u0103 nicotina ar putea ajuta la dezvoltarea unor metode prin care aceast\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 fie redus\u0103 sau eliminat\u0103 din plante.<\/p>\n

\u201eEste un moment important \u00een \u0219tiin\u021ba plantelor \u0219i biochimie faptul c\u0103 avem acum r\u0103spunsul pe care \u00eel c\u0103ut\u0103m de mai bine de 200 de ani\u201d, a declarat biologul Benjamin Lichman, de la Universitatea din York.<\/p>\n

Acesta \u0219i colegii s\u0103i de la Universitatea din Copenhaga au identificat genele \u0219i enzimele care particip\u0103 la formarea nicotinei.<\/p>\n

\u201eCu aceste noi cuno\u0219tin\u021be, putem elimina sau reutiliza nicotina produs\u0103 \u00een mod natural de plant\u0103 \u0219i putem crea instrumente biotehnologice mai bune\u201d, a spus cercet\u0103torul.<\/p>\n

\u201eExist\u0103, de asemenea, un poten\u021bial interesant pentru viitor de a adapta sistemul de formare a nicotinei din tutun pentru a produce compu\u0219i farmaceutici utili.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pentru a ajunge la aceast\u0103 concluzie, cercet\u0103torii au analizat genetic planta de tutun Nicotiana tabacum \u0219i au identificat gene aflate aproape una de alta \u00een ADN, care se activeaz\u0103 simultan<\/strong><\/span> cu gene deja cunoscute ca fiind implicate \u00een producerea nicotinei.<\/p>\n

Ulterior, echipa a izolat enzimele produse de aceste gene \u0219i a demonstrat, at\u00e2t \u00een eprubete, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een plante vii, c\u0103 ele lucreaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 pentru a forma nicotina<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Un proces neobi\u0219nuit<\/h2>\n

Cercet\u0103torii spun c\u0103 enzimele folosesc un proces neobi\u0219nuit, care explic\u0103 \u0219i de ce mecanismul a r\u0103mas ascuns at\u00e2t de mult timp<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prima etap\u0103, o molecul\u0103 de glucoz\u0103 este ata\u0219at\u0103 elementelor care formeaz\u0103 nicotina \u0219i le aduce \u00eentr-o stare reactiv\u0103 necesar\u0103 pentru producerea substan\u021bei.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce procesul se \u00eencheie, molecula de glucoz\u0103 dispare complet<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au identificat \u0219i dou\u0103 enzime importante<\/strong><\/span>, NaGR \u0219i NicGS, care ajut\u0103 la formarea moleculei de nicotin\u0103 din materiile sale prime: un aminoacid implicat \u00een producerea proteinelor \u0219i un compus asem\u0103n\u0103tor vitaminelor.<\/p>\n

\u201eEste interesant pentru c\u0103 are aplica\u021bii \u00een lumea real\u0103\u201d, a spus Lichman.<\/p>\n

\u201eO rud\u0103 apropiat\u0103 a tutunului, Nicotiana benthamiana, este deja utilizat\u0103 \u00een \u00abagricultura molecular\u0103\u00bb pentru a produce medicamente \u0219i vaccinuri care salveaz\u0103 vie\u021bi.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201eAcest lucru deschide noi modalit\u0103\u021bi de a utiliza plantele de tutun \u00een scopuri benefice: nu \u00een \u021big\u0103ri, ci pentru medicamente \u0219i alte produse valoroase.\u201d<\/p>\n

Descoperirea este sus\u021binut\u0103 \u0219i de un alt studiu publicat recent, care arat\u0103 c\u0103 nicotina este creat\u0103 cu ajutorul glucozei \u0219i al unui lan\u021b de enzime, dup\u0103 care glucoza dispare complet din proces.<\/p>\n

Potrivit cercet\u0103torilor, tocmai acest \u201eact de dispari\u021bie\u201d, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu modul neobi\u0219nuit \u00een care glucoza este folosit\u0103 comparativ cu alte procese vegetale, a f\u0103cut ca mecanismul producerii nicotinei s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 un mister timp de aproape dou\u0103 secole.<\/p>\n

De\u0219i mai exist\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri f\u0103r\u0103 r\u0103spuns legate de produc\u021bia nicotinei, cercet\u0103torii spun c\u0103 principalele etape \u0219i ingredientele-cheie au fost acum g\u0103site.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oamenii consum\u0103 tutun de mii de ani, \u00eens\u0103 abia la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1820 nicotina a fost extras\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 din plantele de tutun. Acum, la aproape 200 de ani … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":695454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/695453"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=695453"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/695453\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/695454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=695453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=695453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=695453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}