{"id":709705,"date":"2026-08-23T23:17:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T23:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=709705"},"modified":"2026-08-23T23:17:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T23:17:03","slug":"de-ce-ni-se-dilata-pupilele-cand-suntem-surprinsi-cercetatorii-au-descoperit-ce-se-intampla-in-creier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=709705","title":{"rendered":"De ce ni se dilat\u0103 pupilele c\u00e2nd suntem surprin\u0219i. Cercet\u0103torii au descoperit ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een creier"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00cen mod normal, pupilele se dilat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd intr\u0103m \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu \u00eentunecat, pentru a permite p\u0103trunderea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mari de lumin\u0103, \u0219i se contract\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd lumina devine mai puternic\u0103. Cercet\u0103torii \u0219tiu \u00eens\u0103 de mai mult timp c\u0103 dimensiunea pupilelor poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i de efortul cognitiv, activitatea fizic\u0103 sau emo\u021bii, scrie Science Alert<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Un studiu publicat \u00een revista Nature Human Behaviour ofer\u0103 acum noi indicii despre rolul acestei reac\u021bii \u00een situa\u021biile nea\u0219teptate.<\/p>\n

Dilatarea pupilelor dup\u0103 o surpriz\u0103 poate \u201ereseta\u201d creierul<\/h2>\n

Cercet\u0103torii de la Brown University au urm\u0103rit reac\u021biile a 63 de adul\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, care au participat la un experiment bazat pe stimuli colora\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Participan\u021bii au v\u0103zut pe ecran o serie de imagini colorate \u0219i au fost mai \u00eent\u00e2i ruga\u021bi s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i aminteasc\u0103 ceea ce v\u0103zuser\u0103. Ulterior, ace\u0219tia au trebuit s\u0103 anticipeze ce culoare urma s\u0103 apar\u0103, folosindu-se de tiparele observate anterior.<\/p>\n

\u00cen anumite momente, cercet\u0103torii au introdus culori care contraziceau a\u0219tept\u0103rile participan\u021bilor. Reac\u021bia a fost rapid\u0103: pupilele s-au dilatat, iar activitatea cerebral\u0103 a prezentat modific\u0103ri asociate cu o cre\u0219tere temporar\u0103 a nivelului de excitare.<\/p>\n

Potrivit cercet\u0103torilor, aceast\u0103 reac\u021bie pare s\u0103 ajute creierul s\u0103 se adapteze atunci c\u00e2nd informa\u021biile noi nu se potrivesc cu ceea ce anticipase.<\/p>\n

Pupilele dilatate, legate de sistemul noradrenalinei<\/h2>\n

Una dintre structurile implicate \u00een aceast\u0103 reac\u021bie este locus coeruleus, un mic grup de neuroni situat \u00een trunchiul cerebral. Acesta reprezint\u0103 principala surs\u0103 de noradrenalin\u0103 a creierului, un neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tor implicat inclusiv \u00een r\u0103spunsul de tip \u201elupt\u0103 sau fugi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Activitatea locus coeruleus cre\u0219te dup\u0103 evenimente surprinz\u0103toare, iar cercet\u0103torii au observat o leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre aceast\u0103 activitate, modific\u0103rile dimensiunii pupilelor \u0219i anumite unde cerebrale m\u0103surate prin EEG.<\/p>\n

Matt Nassar, profesor asociat de neuro\u0219tiin\u021be \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021be cognitive \u0219i psihologice la Brown University \u0219i unul dintre autorii studiului, explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 dilatarea pupilei semnaleaz\u0103 o cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103 a nivelului de excitare cerebral\u0103.<\/p>\n

Potrivit cercet\u0103torului, aceste fluctua\u021bii rapide ale nivelului de excitare ar putea avea un rol util, deoarece permit creierului s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 mai bine schimb\u0103rilor de context.<\/p>\n

Surprizele ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m mai repede<\/h2>\n

Rezultatele experimentului indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 persoanele care au prezentat o reac\u021bie mai puternic\u0103 la stimulii nea\u0219tepta\u021bi au f\u0103cut ajust\u0103ri mai potrivite \u00een procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i au manifestat o tendin\u021b\u0103 mai redus\u0103 de a interpreta informa\u021biile prin prisma a\u0219tept\u0103rilor anterioare.<\/p>\n

Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce imaginile prezentate corespundeau predic\u021biilor lor, participan\u021bii deveneau tot mai influen\u021ba\u021bi de ceea ce se a\u0219teptau s\u0103 vad\u0103. Un stimul surprinz\u0103tor p\u0103rea \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eentrerup\u0103 acest tipar.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 dilatarea pupilelor ar putea reprezenta un marker extern al unui mecanism prin care creierul \u00ee\u0219i actualizeaz\u0103 \u201econtextul mental\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cu alte cuvinte, atunci c\u00e2nd apare ceva complet nea\u0219teptat, creierul pare s\u0103 reduc\u0103 influen\u021ba informa\u021biilor \u0219i presupunerilor anterioare \u0219i s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru a procesa un nou context.<\/p>\n

\u201eModific\u0103rile diametrului pupilei, precum \u0219i anumite \u00eenregistr\u0103ri EEG, sunt markeri externi ai creierului care arat\u0103 c\u0103 acesta \u00eencarc\u0103 un nou context\u201d, a explicat Nassar.<\/p>\n

Pupilele se schimb\u0103 \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de ceea ce g\u00e2ndim<\/h2>\n

Studiul se adaug\u0103 unui num\u0103r tot mai mare de cercet\u0103ri care arat\u0103 c\u0103 dimensiunea pupilelor ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii despre procesele care au loc \u00een creier.<\/p>\n

Pupilele se pot dilata \u00een timpul unui efort mental intens, al activit\u0103\u021bii fizice sau al unei reac\u021bii emo\u021bionale. Dimensiunea lor poate fi influen\u021bat\u0103 \u0219i de anumite medicamente \u0219i poate varia chiar \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de respira\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Noile rezultate sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 pupilele nu sunt doar un mecanism prin care ochiul se adapteaz\u0103 la lumin\u0103, ci pot func\u021biona \u0219i ca un indicator vizibil al modului \u00een care creierul reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la informa\u021bii nea\u0219teptate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen mod normal, pupilele se dilat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd intr\u0103m \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu \u00eentunecat, pentru a permite p\u0103trunderea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mari de lumin\u0103, \u0219i se contract\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd lumina devine mai … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":709706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709705"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=709705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709705\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/709706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=709705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=709705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=709705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}