{"id":710571,"date":"2026-08-29T08:07:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T08:07:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=710571"},"modified":"2026-08-29T08:07:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T08:07:06","slug":"bomba-atomica-de-la-hiroshima-a-creat-ceva-ce-oamenii-de-stiinta-nu-mai-vazusera-niciodata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=710571","title":{"rendered":"Bomba atomic\u0103 de la Hiroshima a creat ceva ce oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 nu mai v\u0103zuser\u0103 niciodat\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pe 6 august 1945, Statele Unite au detonat bomba atomic\u0103 \u201eLittle Boy\u201d deasupra ora\u0219ului Hiroshima, Japonia. Explozia, cu o putere estimat\u0103 la aproximativ 15 kilotone, a generat \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde temperaturi de mii de grade Celsius \u0219i a vaporizat sau topit materiale provenite din cl\u0103diri, sol \u0219i obiecte metalice.<\/p>\n

\u00cen urma exploziei au r\u0103mas \u0219i particule microscopice de material vitrificat, cunoscute sub denumirea de hiroshimate. Aceste particule p\u0103streaz\u0103 urmele proceselor fizice \u0219i chimice produse \u00een interiorul imensei mingi de foc, scrie Science Alert<\/a>.<\/p>\n

O echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori coordonat\u0103 de geologul Luca Bindi, de la Universitatea din Floren\u021ba, a analizat 34 de astfel de probe pentru a identifica faze metalice neobi\u0219nuite.<\/p>\n

Ce au g\u0103sit cercet\u0103torii \u00een cenu\u0219a bombei atomice de la Hiroshima<\/h2>\n

\u00centr-una dintre probe, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit mai multe fragmente microscopice de aliaj fier-crom. Unul dintre acestea s-a remarcat prin concentra\u021bia neobi\u0219nuit de mare de siliciu.<\/p>\n

Particula are doar aproximativ 10 micrometri \u0219i con\u021bine \u00een principal fier, al\u0103turi de crom, siliciu, nichel, molibden, mangan \u0219i aluminiu.<\/p>\n

Pentru a determina exact structura materialului, cercet\u0103torii au extras manual patru granule microscopice \u0219i le-au analizat prin difrac\u021bie de raze X pe monocristal.<\/p>\n

Trei dintre fragmente prezentau structura cubic\u0103 simpl\u0103, de tip centrat \u00een volum, caracteristic\u0103 o\u021belurilor obi\u0219nuite. Al patrulea fragment avea \u00eens\u0103 o structur\u0103 complet diferit\u0103.<\/p>\n

Bomba atomic\u0103 de la Hiroshima a creat condi\u021bii imposibil de reprodus u\u0219or<\/h2>\n

Analiza a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 atomii din noul aliaj sunt organiza\u021bi \u00eentr-o structur\u0103 cubic\u0103 mult mai complex\u0103, de tip AlAu\u2084, derivat\u0103 din structura beta-manganului.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii consider\u0103 c\u0103 materialul s-a format \u00een timpul exploziei nucleare. Temperaturile extreme au vaporizat \u0219i amestecat materiale provenite din surse diferite, iar r\u0103cirea extrem de rapid\u0103 a permis \u201e\u00eenghe\u021barea\u201d unei structuri atomice neobi\u0219nuite \u00eenainte ca aceasta s\u0103 se transforme \u00eentr-o form\u0103 mai stabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eO explozie nuclear\u0103 expune multe materiale la c\u0103ldur\u0103 extrem\u0103, amestecare violent\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103cire extraordinar de rapid\u0103, toate \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde\u201d, a explicat Luca Bindi.<\/p>\n

Potrivit cercet\u0103torului, o astfel de explozie poate produce, f\u0103r\u0103 control, numeroase combina\u021bii de materiale \u0219i structuri care ar necesita ani de cercetare pentru a fi explorate \u00een laborator.<\/p>\n

Cenu\u0219a bombei atomice de la Hiroshima ar putea ascunde \u0219i alte materiale necunoscute<\/h2>\n

Descoperirea sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 particulele rezultate \u00een urma exploziilor nucleare istorice ar putea con\u021bine \u0219i alte faze metastabile, extrem de rare \u0219i dificil de identificat.<\/p>\n

Bindi \u0219i colegii s\u0103i au f\u0103cut anterior o descoperire similar\u0103 \u00een materialele rezultate \u00een urma testului Trinity, prima explozie nuclear\u0103 din istorie, desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 \u00een iulie 1945 \u00een Statele Unite.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii subliniaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 valoarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a descoperirii nu poate fi separat\u0103 de tragedia uman\u0103 care a produs materialul. Hiroshima a fost primul ora\u0219 atacat cu o arm\u0103 nuclear\u0103, iar bombardamentul a provocat moartea \u0219i suferin\u021ba unui num\u0103r uria\u0219 de oameni.<\/p>\n

Studiul privind noul aliaj format \u00een urma bombei atomice de la Hiroshima a fost publicat \u00een revista Science Advances.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pe 6 august 1945, Statele Unite au detonat bomba atomic\u0103 \u201eLittle Boy\u201d deasupra ora\u0219ului Hiroshima, Japonia. Explozia, cu o putere estimat\u0103 la aproximativ 15 kilotone, a generat \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":710572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710571"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=710571"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/710571\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/710572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=710571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=710571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=710571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}