{"id":715099,"date":"2026-09-25T20:56:03","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T20:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=715099"},"modified":"2026-09-25T20:56:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T20:56:03","slug":"bolile-infectioase-se-extind-odata-cu-incalzirea-planetei-noile-amenintari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/?p=715099","title":{"rendered":"Bolile infec\u021bioase se extind odat\u0103 cu \u00eenc\u0103lzirea planetei. Noile amenin\u021b\u0103ri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Unul dintre efectele observate de cercet\u0103tori este extinderea perioadelor \u0219i a zonelor \u00een care pot supravie\u021bui c\u0103pu\u0219ele \u0219i \u021b\u00e2n\u021barii. Potrivit Live Science<\/a>, temperaturile mai ridicate le permit acestor organisme s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 active mai mult timp \u0219i s\u0103 se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 \u00een regiuni \u00een care condi\u021biile climatice nu le erau favorabile p\u00e2n\u0103 acum.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii urm\u0103resc deja acest fenomen \u00een Statele Unite, unde schimb\u0103rile de temperatur\u0103, seceta \u0219i inunda\u021biile pot modifica r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea unor infec\u021bii transmise de c\u0103pu\u0219e \u0219i \u021b\u00e2n\u021bari \u0219i ar putea favoriza inclusiv bacteriile rezistente la antibiotice. O aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 este acordat\u0103 c\u0103pu\u0219elor, care sunt responsabile pentru transmiterea majorit\u0103\u021bii bolilor r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite prin astfel de organisme \u00een statele americane.<\/p>\n

Boala Lyme ar putea ajunge \u00een regiuni noi<\/h2>\n

Boala Lyme, o infec\u021bie bacterian\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin mu\u0219c\u0103tura unor c\u0103pu\u0219e infectate, afecteaz\u0103 deja un num\u0103r mare de persoane. Extinderea perioadei de activitate a c\u0103pu\u0219elor poate favoriza apari\u021bia lor \u00een regiuni \u00een care condi\u021biile climatice erau anterior mai pu\u021bin favorabile.<\/p>\n

Fenomenul este relevant \u0219i pentru Europa. Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii arat\u0103 c\u0103 schimb\u0103rile climatice modific\u0103 distribu\u021bia unor vectori care transmit boli, iar c\u0103pu\u0219ele care pot transmite boala Lyme \u0219i encefalita de c\u0103pu\u0219\u0103 sunt \u00eent\u00e2lnite la altitudini \u0219i latitudini mai mari dec\u00e2t \u00een trecut.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103lzirea climei nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 automat mai multe \u00eemboln\u0103viri. Riscul depinde \u0219i de prezen\u021ba agen\u021bilor patogeni, dar \u0219i de expunerea oamenilor \u0219i de m\u0103surile de protec\u021bie.<\/p>\n

\u021a\u00e2n\u021barii care transmit boli c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 teren \u00een Europa<\/h2>\n

Schimbarea este vizibil\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul \u021b\u00e2n\u021barilor. Unele specii capabile s\u0103 transmit\u0103 boli se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc deja \u00een tot mai multe zone ale Europei, unde temperaturile ridicate se men\u021bin pentru perioade mai lungi.<\/p>\n

\u021a\u00e2n\u021barul-tigru (Aedes albopictus), care poate transmite virusurile ce provoac\u0103 dengue, chikungunya \u0219i Zika, era stabilit \u00een 2025 \u00een 16 \u021b\u0103ri europene \u0219i 369 de regiuni, fa\u021b\u0103 de 114 regiuni cu zece ani \u00eenainte, potrivit Centrului European de Prevenire \u0219i Control al Bolilor (ECDC).<\/p>\n

ECDC a avertizat c\u0103 Europa se confrunt\u0103 cu sezoane mai lungi \u0219i mai intense de transmitere a bolilor r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite de \u021b\u00e2n\u021bari. Continentul a \u00eenregistrat \u00een 2025 un num\u0103r record de focare de chikungunya, iar transmiterea local\u0103 a fost detectat\u0103 \u00een regiuni \u00een care nu mai fusese raportat\u0103 anterior.<\/p>\n

West Nile, un risc prezent \u0219i \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h2>\n

Virusul West Nile este transmis oamenilor prin \u00een\u021bep\u0103tura \u021b\u00e2n\u021barilor infecta\u021bi, care preiau virusul \u00een principal de la p\u0103s\u0103ri s\u0103lbatice infectate. De asemenea, temperaturile ridicate pot prelungi perioada de activitate a \u021b\u00e2n\u021barilor \u0219i pot favoriza dezvoltarea virusului \u00een organismul acestora.<\/p>\n

Seceta poate avea un efect aparent paradoxal. De\u0219i \u021b\u00e2n\u021barii au nevoie de ap\u0103 pentru reproducere, perioadele secetoase pot concentra p\u0103s\u0103rile \u0219i \u021b\u00e2n\u021barii \u00een jurul acelora\u0219i surse de ap\u0103, favoriz\u00e2nd circula\u021bia virusului.<\/p>\n

Riscul este prezent \u0219i \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. \u00cen 2025, jude\u021bul S\u0103laj s-a num\u0103rat printre regiunile europene care au raportat pentru prima dat\u0103 infec\u021bii cu West Nile dob\u00e2ndite local. \u00cen total, Rom\u00e2nia a raportat 49 de cazuri dob\u00e2ndite local \u00een acel an, potrivit Centrului European de Prevenire \u0219i Control al Bolilor (ECDC).<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2026, circula\u021bia virusului s-a intensificat. P\u00e2n\u0103 la 17 septembrie, Rom\u00e2nia raportase 91 de cazuri dob\u00e2ndite local, iar 22 de zone din \u021bar\u0103 erau afectate. La nivel european, ECDC \u00eenregistra 1.482 de cazuri \u00een 16 \u021b\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Dengue apare \u0219i \u00een Europa<\/h2>\n

Dengue, o infec\u021bie viral\u0103 transmis\u0103 prin \u00een\u021bep\u0103tura \u021b\u00e2n\u021barilor infecta\u021bi, a fost asociat\u0103 mult timp \u00een special cu regiunile tropicale \u0219i subtropicale. \u00cen Europa, cele mai multe persoane diagnosticate s-au infectat \u00een timpul c\u0103l\u0103toriilor \u00een alte regiuni ale lumii. Exist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i cazuri \u00een care transmiterea s-a produs chiar \u00een Europa, la persoane care nu c\u0103l\u0103toriser\u0103 \u00een zone unde boala circul\u0103 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit.<\/p>\n

R\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea \u021b\u00e2n\u021barilor din genul Aedes<\/em>, un grup de \u021b\u00e2n\u021bari care se adapteaz\u0103 tot mai bine condi\u021biilor din Europa, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu temperaturile favorabile \u0219i deplas\u0103rile interna\u021bionale, cre\u0219te riscul apari\u021biei unor focare locale.<\/p>\n

ECDC avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 Europa intr\u0103 \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 etap\u0103, \u00een care sezonul de transmitere a bolilor r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite de \u021b\u00e2n\u021bari devine mai lung \u0219i mai intens, iar apari\u021bia acestor boli \u00een tot mai multe zone ar putea deveni obi\u0219nuit\u0103.<\/p>\n

Seceta schimb\u0103 \u0219i lupta cu bacteriile<\/h2>\n

Un efect mai pu\u021bin evident prive\u0219te bacteriile rezistente la antibiotice. Cercet\u0103torii de la Institutul de Tehnologie din California (Caltech) au constatat c\u0103, \u00een solurile foarte uscate, condi\u021biile de mediu pot favoriza bacteriile care posed\u0103 gene de rezisten\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Utilizarea excesiv\u0103 sau incorect\u0103 a antibioticelor r\u0103m\u00e2ne una dintre principalele cauze ale rezisten\u021bei la aceste medicamente. Cercet\u0103rile arat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 \u0219i schimb\u0103rile de temperatur\u0103, seceta \u0219i precipita\u021biile pot influen\u021ba r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea bacteriilor rezistente.<\/p>\n

Unele bacterii pot transmite altor bacterii gene care le ajut\u0103 s\u0103 reziste antibioticelor. Astfel, aceast\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 se poate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi \u0219i la bacterii care pot provoca infec\u021bii la oameni.<\/p>\n

Un studiu asupra bacteriei Salmonella a asociat schimb\u0103rile climatice, la nivel global, cu o cre\u0219tere de aproximativ 10% a genelor care ajut\u0103 bacteriile s\u0103 reziste antibioticelor.<\/p>\n

Seceta poate concentra bacteriile \u00een sursele de ap\u0103 care r\u0103m\u00e2n, \u00een timp ce inunda\u021biile pot avea efectul opus, transport\u00e2nd microorganismele \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndindu-le \u00een alte zone.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unul dintre efectele observate de cercet\u0103tori este extinderea perioadelor \u0219i a zonelor \u00een care pot supravie\u021bui c\u0103pu\u0219ele \u0219i \u021b\u00e2n\u021barii. Potrivit Live Science, temperaturile mai ridicate le permit acestor organisme s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":715100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715099"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=715099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/715099\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/715100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=715099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=715099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microscopemedia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=715099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}